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  • ICAR and TNAU E-Course Summarized

    Summarized Notes
  • Which one of the following statements about metamorphic rocks is not correct?

    Question: Which one of the following statements about metamorphic rocks is not correct?

    Options:

    Due to segregation of minerals into wavy bands or platy surfaces, some metamorphic rocks develop foliations.
    Where the foliations develop into broad mineral bands, the metamorphic rock is extremely hard.
    Where the foliations are moderately thin, the metamorphic rock tends to flake apart.
    Rocks that originally were composed of one dominant mineral are often foliated by metamorphism.

    🔑Key Points:
    -Metamorphic rocks are those rocks that have undergone changes in mineralogy, texture, and/or chemical composition as a result of changes in temperature and pressure.
    -The original rock may have been an igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic rock.

    ✏️The pressure and heat that drive metamorphism are consequences of three forces:
    -the internal heat of the Earth.
    -weight of the overlying rock.
    -horizontal or tectonic forces that cause the rocks to deform
    -Deformation of some rocks such as shale and clay-rich sandstone (greywacke) produces textural changes involving the formation of flat or wavy parallel planes within the metamorphosed rock. These flat or wavy planes are referred to as foliation.
    -Foliation forms when pressure squeezes the flat or elongate minerals within a rock so they become aligned.
    -These rocks develop a platy or sheet-like structure that reflects the direction that pressure was applied. 
    -Where the foliations develop into broad mineral bands, the metamorphic rock is extremely hard. 
    -Rocks that originally were composed of one dominant mineral are often foliated by metamorphism. 
    -Minerals in the original rock that survive metamorphism may rotate during deformation to acquire a preferred orientation parallel with the platy minerals. 
    -The mineral crystals don’t have to be large to produce foliation. Slate, for example, is characterized by aligned flakes of mica that are too small to see. 

    🛑Important Points:
    -Foliation is mainly produced in rocks that contain platy minerals like mica and chlorite.
    -These platy minerals generally form when shale and clay-bearing sandstone (greywacke) are metamorphosed.
    -As these platy minerals grow, their planes take on a preferred orientation that is usually perpendicular to the main direction of forces squeezing the rock.
    -Minerals in the original rock that survive metamorphism may rotate during deformation to acquire a preferred orientation parallel with the platy minerals.
    -Three types of foliation are slate, schist, and gneiss.
    -Slate is classified as low-grade, thin-layered, and very small mineral grains.
    -Schist is classified as medium-grade, thin-layered, and large mineral grains.
    -Gneiss is classified as high-grade, thick-layered, and very large mineral grains.

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