Which of the following is not involved in the Z-scheme of electron transport? (a) PS I (b) PS II (c) NADPH (d) RuBisCO

✅Explanation:
-The Z-scheme of electron transport is a model that describes the pathway of electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis in the thylakoid membranes.
-This scheme involves two photosystems: Photosystem II (PS II) and Photosystem I (PS I), which work together to create a flow of electrons that ultimately produces NADPH and ATP.

• Components of the Z-scheme:
-(A) PS I: Involved in the Z-scheme. It absorbs light and boosts electrons to a higher energy level, ultimately leading to the reduction of NADP+ to NADPH.
-(B) PS II: Involved in the Z-scheme. It absorbs light and initiates the splitting of water molecules, releasing electrons, protons, and oxygen.
-(C) NADPH: Formed as a result of the Z-scheme. It is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain of the light reactions.
-(D) RuBisCO: Not involved in the Z-scheme. Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase (RuBisCO) is an enzyme that catalyzes the first step of the Calvin cycle, which is the carbon fixation process, not the light reactions.