Which of the following is an igneous rock?

✅Explanation:
Basalt is an igneous rock that forms from the cooling and solidification of lava or magma. It is typically fine-grained because it cools quickly on the Earth's surface. Igneous rocks are formed from molten material, either from volcanic activity or from magma cooling beneath the surface.

📌Other Options Explanations:s:
-(a) Gneiss: Gneiss is a metamorphic rock. It forms from the transformation of pre-existing rocks (usually granite) under high pressure and temperature.
-(b) Limestone: Limestone is a sedimentary rock that forms from the accumulation of mineral and organic particles, typically calcium carbonate, in marine environments.
-(d) Sandstone: Sandstone is a sedimentary rock composed of sand-sized particles that have been compacted and cemented together over time.

🔑Key Points:
-The basalt rock is a dark-colored igneous rock. These rocks are formed during volcanic outbursts when the rapid cooling of lava is exposed at or very near the surface of the Earth.
-Igneous rocks: These rocks are formed after the solidification of molten rock minerals (also known as magma) caused by the explosion of lava. It is of two types: intrusive and extrusive
-Intrusive igneous rocks: When crystallization takes place below the earth's surface, the stone so formed are intrusive igneous rocks. Examples are diorite, gabbro, granite, etc.
-Extrusive igneous rocks: They crystallize on an earth's surface, where tiny crystals are formed. Its examples are basalt, andesite, dacite, etc.

🛑 Additional Information::
-Sedimentary rocks: When minerals are deposited on the earth's surface due to running water, wind, ice, sedimentary rocks are formed.
-Metamorphic rocks: When there are changes in a pre-existing rock under the high temperature and pressure, new rock is formed. This type of rock is called metamorphic rock.