Which of the following irrigation method has on/off cycle?

✅Explanation: Surge flow irrigation involves intermittent application of water in a series of on-and-off cycles. This allows for better water infiltration and reduces runoff compared to continuous flow methods.

📌 Other Options Explanations:
-Furrow flooding: This method involves continuous flooding of furrows.
-Cablegation: This method uses a cable-driven system for sprinkler irrigation.
-Corrugation: This refers to the practice of creating small furrows to direct water flow.

🔑Key Points:
-Surge irrigation involves delivering water to long furrows (25m to 200m) intermittently with pre-determined ON-OFF cycles (5-10 minutes).
-During the ON cycle, water advances along the furrow, while in the OFF cycle, water partially saturates the soil, reducing infiltration rates.
-In subsequent ON cycles, water advances faster due to lower intake rates, reaching the furrow's tail end in 30-50% of the irrigation time.
-This process minimizes deep percolation and runoff losses (below 20%).
-Soil moisture is uniformly distributed across the furrow, improving irrigation efficiency to 85%-95%.
-Furrow system reduces land loss to about 5% by eliminating criss-cross ridges and feeder channels.