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Which is the most important nematode of vegetables?

Question: Which is the most important nematode of vegetables?

Options:

Heterodera avenae
Rotylenchulus reniformis
Anguina tritici
Meloidogyne incognita

✅Explanation:
Meloidogyne incognita, commonly known as the root-knot nematode, is considered the most economically important nematode pest of vegetables worldwide. It has a wide host range, infecting over 2,000 plant species, including many important vegetables like tomatoes, cucumbers, peppers, and eggplants. The root-knot nematode causes characteristic galls or knots on the roots, which disrupt nutrient and water uptake, leading to stunted growth, reduced yields, and increased susceptibility to other diseases.

🔑Key Points:
Important Plant Parasitic Nematodes
Plant parasitic nematodes that cause major loss to the crops are listed
below.
i) Seed Gall Nematode (Anguina tritici)
It is important nematode infesting wheat in northern regions of India. It causes ear cockle disease in wheat. The nematodes along with the bacteria, Corynebacterium tritici cause tundu disease or yellow slime. Overall damage of wheat crop due to this nematode during severe infestation was reported to be about 80 per cent.
ii) Cereal Cyst Nematode (Heterodera avenae)
It is an important nematode infesting wheat and barley in Rajasthan, Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh and Jammu and Kashmir. Attack of this nematode in wheat and barley results in molya disease.
iii) Root Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne spp.)
It is a polyphagous nematode infesting many crops like vegetables, fruits, pulses and ornamentals. Infestation of this nematode results in the formation of root knot or root galls.
iv) Potato Cyst Nematodes (Globodera and Heterodera spp.)
Two species of potato cyst nematodes namely, Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida are considered to be the major nematode problem associated with the potato crops cultivated in Nilgiris district of Tamil Nadu. Severe infestation of this nematode results in total failure of the crop.
v) Citrus Nematodes (Tylenchulus semipenetrans)
This nematode is associated with the slow decline disease of citrus. It is also responsible for the die back disease of citrus in India.
vi) Reniform Nematode (Rotylenchulus reniformis)
It is considered to be one among the important nematodes infesting cotton, maize, cow pea and black gram.
vii) Root Lesion Nematode (Pratylenchus coffeae)
It is an important nematode infesting coffee in South India.
viii) a) Burrowing Nematode (Radopholus similis)
It cause
a. Pepper yellows in Indonesia
b. Banana rhizomes rot in various parts of the world.
c. Slow wilt of pepper in Karnataka
b) Burrowing Nematode (Radopholus citrophilus)
It cause spreading decline of citrus in Florida.

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