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  • ICAR and TNAU E-Course Summarized

    Summarized Notes
  • The strongest bond is

    Question: The strongest bond is

    Options:

    (a) Ionic bond
    (b) Covalent bond
    (c) Hydrogen bond
    (d) Van der Waals

    ✅ Explanation: Ionic bonds are formed due to the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions (cations and anions). This attraction is very strong, making ionic bonds the strongest among the given options.
    🔑Key Points

    ✏️Covalent Bond:
    -A type of chemical bond wherein two or more atoms share one or more electron pairs.
    -The outer shell of each has crossed over the other,
    -Each atom shares its valence electron with the other atom.
    -It can be said as an electrostatic force of attraction between two or more atoms or molecules.
    -There are two types of covalent bonds – sigma and pi bonds.
    -Sigma is the strongest covalent bond while pi-bond is the weakest covalent bond.
    -Sigma and Pi bonds:-
    -The overlapping of atomic orbitals distinguishes the sigma and pi bonds from each other.
    -The overlapping of atomic orbitals forms covalent bonds.
    -The head-to-head overlapping of atomic orbitals forms sigma bonds, whereas the lateral overlap of two atomic orbitals forms pi bonds.

    • 🛑Additional Information:
    -Covalently bonded compounds do not have free electrons, so they do not conduct electric current.​ 
    -Covalently bonded molecules have low melting and boiling points because intermolecular forces are weak and little amount of energy is required to break the forces.
    -If the compounds have high melting and boiling point then they have very strong or strong intermolecular forces. 
    -If compounds have medium melting and boiling point then they have medium intermolecular forces.
    -The intermolecular forces between water molecules are stronger than those between oxygen molecules.
    -Covalent bonds are formed by the mutual sharing of electrons.
    -Hence the covalently bonded molecules have strong bonds within the molecule.

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