The cultivation or establishment of a forest on land that has not previously supported trees is called: (MCAER 2019)

✅Explanation: Afforestation is the correct term for establishing a forest on land that was not previously forested, often done to improve environmental conditions, conserve biodiversity, or mitigate climate change.

🔑Key Points::
-National Afforestation and Eco-Development Board (NAEB): Set up in August 1992 to promote afforestation, tree planting, ecological restoration, and eco-development activities in India.

✏️Objectives:
-Evolve mechanisms for ecological restoration of degraded forest areas and adjoining lands.
-Restore fuelwood, fodder, timber, and other forest produce.
-Coordinate and monitor Action Plans for afforestation, tree planting, ecological restoration, and eco-development.
-Undertake measures for promoting afforestation, tree planting, ecological restoration, and eco-development activities.
-Restore forest cover for ecological security and to meet the needs of rural communities.

📌Other Options Explanations:
-Reforestation: The process of replanting trees on land that was previously forested but has been cleared or degraded.
-Deforestation: The opposite of afforestation, referring to the clearing of forests for other land uses.
-Silviculture: The broader practice of managing and cultivating forests, including activities like afforestation, reforestation, and harvesting.