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  • ICAR and TNAU E-Course Summarized

    Summarized Notes
  • In a type of apomixis known as adventive embryony, the embryos develop directly from (JRF Plant Science 2019)

    Question: In a type of apomixis known as adventive embryony, the embryos develop directly from (JRF Plant Science 2019)

    Options:

    Zygote
    Synergids or antipodals in an embryo sac
    Nucleus and integuments
    Accessory embryo sacs in the ovule

    ✅Explanation: In adventive embryony, embryos develop directly from the diploid cells of the nucellus or integuments of the ovule, bypassing the usual process of fertilization and meiosis.

    📌Other Options Explanations:
    Zygote: A zygote is formed by the fusion of male and female gametes.
    Synergids or antipodals in an embryo sac: These are part of the female gametophyte and are not directly involved in adventive embryony.
    Accessory embryo sacs in the ovule: These are additional embryo sacs.

    🔑Key Points:
    -Apomixis: ''apo'' = without & ''mixis'' = mixing. It is a form of asexual reproduction that results in the formation of seeds without fertilization (i.e without the fusion of male and female gametes). It is seen in plants of species Asteraceae & grasses.
    -It is a form of asexual reproduction that mimics sexual reproduction.
    -There are two kinds of apomixis in flowering plants: Agamospery and vegetative propagation

    ✏️Agamospermy is further divided into three types:
    -Adventive embryonic
    -Parthenogenesis
    -Apospory & Apogamy

    • Adventive embryonic:
    -Formation of embryo directly from the diploid sporophytic cells (nucellus or integuments) of ovule (other than zygote) is called adventive embryony
    -It is seen in Citrus 

    🔴Additional information::
    -Parthenogenesis: Formation of embryo from unfertilized egg
    -Apospory & Apogamy: Formation of embryo from any other cell of embryosac (other than the egg) without fertilization

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