How does the T-DNA from Agrobacterium tumefaciens integrate into the plant genome?

✅Explanation:
The T-DNA (transfer DNA) from Agrobacterium tumefaciens typically integrates into the plant genome as a single segment. This segment usually contains the genes of interest that scientists want to introduce into the plant. However, there are rare cases where the T-DNA might integrate as fragments or multiple segments in different locations of the genome. These events are less frequent and can lead to unpredictable outcomes.

📌Other Options:
● Two segments: While theoretically possible, integration of the T-DNA as two distinct segments is less common than a single segment. This could occur if the T-DNA has been modified or if the integration process is disrupted.
● Three segments and Four segments: These scenarios are even rarer and can lead to complex rearrangements in the plant genome. They are not typical outcomes of T-DNA integration.

🛑 Related Terminology:
● T-DNA: A segment of DNA transferred from Agrobacterium tumefaciens into plant cells during infection. This DNA can be used to introduce new genes into the plant genome.
● Integration: The process by which foreign DNA becomes stably incorporated into the host genome.
● Agrobacterium tumefaciens: A soil bacterium that naturally transfers T-DNA into plant cells, causing tumors. This ability is exploited in genetic engineering to introduce desired traits into plants.
● Genetic engineering: The process of deliberately modifying the genetic makeup of an organism.