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How does Azospirillum bacteria contribute to plant growth?

Question: How does Azospirillum bacteria contribute to plant growth?

Options:

Nitrogen fixation
Organic matter recycling
Soil structure
Bulk density

-✅Explanation: Azospirillum is a genus of beneficial bacteria that can fix atmospheric nitrogen. Nitrogen is a crucial nutrient for plant growth, and Azospirillum helps convert atmospheric nitrogen (unusable by plants) into a form usable by plants (ammonium). This process promotes plant growth and development.

🔑Key Points:
-Nitrogen Fixation – Conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into nitrates so that it can be utilized by plants is termed nitrogen fixation.
-The ability of nitrogen fixation is possessed only by certain prokaryotes containing an enzyme complex called dinitrogenase that catalyzes the reduction of dinitrogen to ammonia. eg: Rhizobium, Azotobacter, Clostridium, Beijerinckia, etc.
-The prokaryotes either fix nitrogen symbiotically (by living in association with the cells of higher plants) or non-symbiotically (by living freely in the soil).
Azotobacter
-It is a non-symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
-These are gram-negative, aerobic, free-living that play an important role in the nitrogen cycle
-The first representative of the genus, Azotobacter chroococcum, was discovered and described in 1901 by Dutch microbiologist and botanist Martinus Beijerinck.

🛑 Additional Information::
Rhizobium
-It is the symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria. 
-Rhizobium is found in the nodules of legumes and is responsible for nitrogen fixation. This was discovered in 1886 by the German physiologists Heleriegal and Wilfarth.  
Frankia
-It is very similar to Rhizobium Bacteria. It helps in initiating the formation of root nodules. It has a symbiotic relationship with many plants.
-Frankia alni lives in symbiosis with actinorhizal plants in the genus Alnus.
Azospirillum
-It is an aerobic-associated symbiotic nitrogen-fixing organism, it associates with the roots of the grasses and forms a symbiotic relationship.

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