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  • ICAR and TNAU E-Course Summarized

    Summarized Notes
  • Fluid mosaic model of cell membrane is given by

    Question: Fluid mosaic model of cell membrane is given by

    Options:

    (a) Daniel and Davson
    (b) Robertson
    (c) Robercook
    (d) Singer and Nicholson

    ✅ Explanation: The fluid mosaic model, proposed by Singer and Nicholson in 1972, describes the cell membrane as a dynamic structure composed of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins. These proteins can move laterally within the membrane, giving it a fluid-like nature.

    🔑Key Points :
    -According to the fluid mosaic model, the quasi-fluid nature of lipid enables lateral movement of protein within the overall, lipid bilayer.
    -This ability to move within the membrane is measured as its fluidity.
    -The fluid mosaic model was proposed by S.J. Singer and Garth L Nicolson.
    -This model explains the structure of the plasma membrane of animal cells as a mosaic of components such as phospholipids, proteins, cholesterol, and carbohydrates, these components give a fluid character to the membranes.

    • 🛑Additional Information:
    -Cell Theory-
    – In biology, cell theory is a scientific theory first formulated in the mid-nineteenth century, that living organisms are made up of cells.
    -Cells are the basic structural/organizational unit of all organisms, and all cells come from pre-existing cells.
    -The classical cell theory was proposed by Theodor Schwann in 1839. 
    -Model of Golgi bodies-
    -​In this model, the Golgi is viewed as a set of stable compartments that work together, each compartment has a unique collection of enzymes that work to modify protein cargo 
    -The Golgi apparatus also known as the Golgi complex, Golgi body, or simply the Golgi is an organelle found in most eukaryotic cells.
    -It was identified in 1897 by the Italian scientist Camillo Golgi and was named after him in 1898.
    -Vacuole Theory-
    -​A vacuole stores salts, minerals, pigments, and proteins within the cell.
    -The solution that fills a vacuole is known as the cell sap.
    -The vacuole is also filled with protons from the cytosol that helps in maintaining an acidic environment within the cell.

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