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  • ICAR and TNAU E-Course Summarized

    Summarized Notes
  • Development of embryo without fertilization is

    Question: Development of embryo without fertilization is

    Options:

    Apomixis
    Amghimixis
    Parthenocarpy
    None

    ✅Explanation:
    -Apomixis is a form of asexual reproduction in plants where seeds are produced without fertilization. The embryo develops from a cell within the ovule, and the resulting seeds are genetically identical to the mother plant.

    📌Other Options Explanations:
    -Option C: Parthenocarpy: Parthenocarpy refers to the development of fruit without seed formation.

    🔑Key Points:
    -Apomixis: ''apo'' = without & ''mixis'' = mixing. It is a form of asexual reproduction that results in the formation of seeds without fertilization (i.e without the fusion of male and female gametes). It is seen in plants of species Asteraceae & grasses.
    -It is a form of asexual reproduction that mimics sexual reproduction.
    -There are two kinds of apomixis in flowering plants: Agamospery and vegetative propagation

    ✏️Agamospermy is further divided into three types:
    -Adventive embryonic
    -Parthenogenesis
    -Apospory & Apogamy

    • Adventive embryonic:
    -Formation of embryo directly from the diploid sporophytic cells (nucellus or integuments) of ovule (other than zygote) is called adventive embryony
    -It is seen in Citrus 

    • 🛑Additional Information:
    -Parthenogenesis: Formation of embryo from unfertilized egg
    -Apospory & Apogamy: Formation of embryo from any other cell of embryosac (other than the egg) without fertilization.

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