Bitter pit in apples is caused by a deficiency of which nutrient?

✅Explanation:
Bitter pit is a physiological disorder in apples caused primarily by calcium deficiency within the fruit. Calcium is essential for cell wall development and membrane integrity. When calcium levels are low, the cell walls weaken, leading to cell collapse and the formation of characteristic sunken, bitter-tasting lesions on the fruit.

📌Other Options Explanations:
(a) Boron: Boron deficiency can cause other fruit disorders like corking and internal browning.
(b) Zinc: Zinc deficiency can result in small, distorted leaves and stunted growth.
(d) Molybdenum: Molybdenum deficiency is rare in apples and typically affects nitrogen metabolism.

🛑 Additional Information:::

• Factors Contributing to Calcium Deficiency:
Low soil calcium: Insufficient calcium levels in the soil can limit uptake by the tree.
Drought stress: Dry conditions can hinder calcium transport within the tree.
Excessive nitrogen or potassium: High levels of these nutrients can interfere with calcium uptake and utilization.
Rapid fruit growth: Fast-growing apples may not have enough time to accumulate sufficient calcium.

• Prevention and Management:
Calcium Sprays: Foliar application of calcium chloride or calcium nitrate can help address deficiencies.
Soil Management: Maintaining optimal soil pH and ensuring adequate calcium availability in the soil.
Irrigation: Proper watering practices help in calcium uptake by roots.
Crop Load Management: Avoiding excessive fruit load ensures sufficient calcium distribution among fruits.