_________ is the removal of any excess or undesirable/unproductive branches, shoots, or any other parts of plants.

📌 Important Points
Training
→ Judicious removal of any part of a plant to divert sap towards its producing areas, leading to an improvement in the quality of yield, is called ‘pruning’.
→ It is done during the later stage of plant life when it becomes ready to produce flowers and fruits. Decayed parts can also be pruned off.

📝 Types of Pruning
Thinning out
→ When a shoot or a branch is removed entirely without leaving any stub, it is called ‘thinning out’.

Heading back
→ When the terminal portion of a branch or a shoot is removed partially, leaving the basal portion intact, it is called ‘heading back’.