Deflocculation is caused due to the presence of an excessive amount of what in the soil?

✅Explanation:
Deflocculation refers to the process where individual soil particles lose their ability to clump together and remain dispersed in water. This can negatively impact soil structure and drainage. The primary culprit behind deflocculation is sodium (Na).
Other options
-Calcium ions (Ca2+) and magnesium ions (Mg2+), on the other hand, tend to flocculate soil particles. They bridge the gap between negatively charged clay surfaces, promoting aggregation and improving soil structure.
-Aluminum ions (Al3+) can also contribute to flocculation under acidic conditions, but their effect is less significant compared to Na+ and Ca2+/Mg2+.