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  • ICAR and TNAU E-Course Summarized

    Summarized Notes
  • Mahalwari system was introduced by

    Question: Mahalwari system was introduced by

    Options:

    William Bentinck
    Lord Curzon
    Thomas Munro
    Dalhousie

    ✅ Explanation: The Mahalwari system was a land revenue system introduced in British India. It was primarily implemented in the North-Western Provinces, Central Provinces, and Punjab. Holt Mackenzie devised the system in 1822, and it was later modified and implemented by Lord William Bentinck in 1833.

    🔑Key Points:
    -The Mahalwari system was introduced in 1822 by Holt Mackenzie.
    -Later, the system was reformed during the period of William Bentick in 1833.
    -And he was the first British officer to try Mahalwari System.
    -And another thing to say is that the government of Lord William Bentinck, Governor-General of India (1828 to 1835) introduced the Mahalwari system of land revenue in 1833.
    -Land revenue under the system was revised from time to time.
    -Revenue was collected by the village headman or village leaders.
    Additional Information

    ✏️Zamindari system:
    -Zamindari System was introduced by Cornwallis in 1793 through the Permanent Settlement Act.  
    -It was introduced in the provinces of Bengal, Bihar, Orissa and Varanasi.
    -Also known as Permanent Settlement System.
    -Zamindars were recognized as owners of the lands. Zamindars were given the right to collect the rent from the peasants.
    -The realized amount would be divided into 11 parts. 1/11 of the share belongs to Zamindars and 10/11 of the share belongs to East India Company.

    ✏️Ryotwari settlement:
    -​Ryotwari System was introduced by Thomas Munro in 1820.  
    -Major areas of introduction include Madras, Bombay, parts of Assam and Coorg provinces of British India.
    -In Ryotwari System the ownership rights were handed over to the peasants. British Government collected taxes directly from the peasants.
    -The revenue rates of the Ryotwari System were 50% where the lands were dry and 60% in irrigated land. Mahalwari System. 

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