In case of E. coli, transfer of complete Hfr chromosome takes how many minutes?

• Under typical laboratory conditions, transferring the entire Hfr chromosome in E. coli takes approximately 90-100 minutes.Several factors influence the transfer time:
-Chromosome length: E. coli's chromosome is roughly 4.6 million base pairs long, requiring time to move this much DNA.
-Conjugation efficiency: The rate of DNA transfer can vary due to factors like temperature and nutrient availability.
-Interruptions: If the conjugation process is disrupted (e.g., by shaking), the transfer might not be completed, leading to an incomplete chromosome in the recipient cell.
🔴Related Terminologies::
-Hfr cell: A bacterium with part of its chromosome integrated into the F plasmid, allowing transfer of chromosomal genes during conjugation.
-F plasmid: A fertility plasmid facilitating conjugation in some bacteria.
-Conjugation: The process where bacteria physically connect and transfer genetic material (plasmids or chromosomal DNA) through a pilus.
-Recipient cell: The bacterium receiving genetic material during conjugation.