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  • ICAR and TNAU E-Course Summarized

    Summarized Notes
  • Arrange the following soils of India as per soil classification of USDA by ICAR in decreasing order of their area coverage:

    Question: Arrange the following soils of India as per soil classification of USDA by ICAR in decreasing order of their area coverage:

    Options:

    Ultisols > Entisols > Alfisols > Aridisols
    Entisols > Alfisols > Ultisols > Aridisols
    Entisols > Alfisols > Aridisols > Ultisols
    Alfisols > Aridisols > Ultisols > Entisols

    🔑 Key Points
    🌍 Soil Orders
    → There are several levels of soil taxonomy, which include order, suborder, great group, subgroup, family, and series. This classification was originally developed by Guy Donald Smith, former director of the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s soil survey investigations (Donovan and Alan, 1981).
    → Soil order is the most general level of classification in the USDA (United States Department of Agriculture) system of Soil Taxonomy.

    🌾 Soil Orders Overview
    → ENTISOLS

    Entisols cover about 16% of the world’s ice-free land surface.
    These occur in areas with recently deposited parent materials or where erosion or deposition rates are faster than the rate of soil development, such as dunes, steep slopes, and flood plains.
    They show little or no evidence of pedogenic horizon development.
    → ALFISOLS

    Alfisols cover about 12% of the world’s ice-free land surface.
    These soils result from weathering processes where clay minerals and other constituents leach out of the surface layer and into the subsoil, where they retain and supply moisture and nutrients to plants.
    They are primarily formed under forest or mixed vegetation cover and are very productive for most crops.
    → ARIDISOLS

    Aridisols make up about 10% of the world’s ice-free land surface.
    These soils are too dry for the growth of mesophytic plants.
    The lack of moisture greatly restricts the intensity of weathering processes and limits most soil development processes to the upper part of soils.
    They often accumulate gypsum, salt, calcium carbonate, etc.
    → ULTISOLS

    Ultisols make up about 8% of the world’s ice-free land surface.
    These soils are found in humid areas and are formed from fairly intense weathering and leaching processes.
    They are typically acid soils in which most nutrients are concentrated in the upper few inches.
    Ultisols have a moderately low capacity to retain additions of lime and fertilizer.

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