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  • ICAR and TNAU E-Course Summarized

    Summarized Notes
  • Choose the end products of non cyclic photophosphorylation:

    Question: Choose the end products of non cyclic photophosphorylation:

    Options:

    2 ATP, 2 NADH, O2
    8 ATP, 12 NADH, O2
    6 ATP, 2 NADH, 2 O2
    6 ATP, 3 NADH, 2 O2

    -Please note that the correct answer is not provided in the options.
    -Moreover, NADPH should be produced, instead of NADH in photophosphorylation reaction.
    -However, the correct explanation has been provided in the solution.

    🔑Key Points:
    -The initial stage of photosynthesis is the light reaction, which converts solar energy into chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH.
    -NADPH and ATP are produced with the help of protein complexes and pigment molecules.
    -Carbon dioxide is converted into carbohydrate molecules with the help of chemical energy acquired throughout the processes.
    -The light energy splits into the water (photolysis) and removes the electrons from photosystem II.
    -The electrons then go from PSII to b6f (cytochrome) to photosystem I (PSI) and diminish in energy form.
    -The energy is subsequently transmitted to two-electron transport chains, which produce ATP and NADPH.
    -In Photosystems I, electrons are re-energized, and high-energy electrons convert NADP+ to NADPH.
    -Non-cyclic photophosphorylation – 
    -In non-cyclic photophosphorylation, the cytochrome uses Photosystem II's electron energy to pump hydrogen ions from the lumen to the stroma.
    -Later, this energy allows the ATP synthase to attach to theADP molecule's third phosphate group, forming the ADP molecule.
    -One ATP and 2 NADPH molecules are produced along with oxygen.
    -Cyclic photophosphorylation – 
    -During cyclic photophosphorylation, the cytochrome b6f utilizes electron energy from both Photosystems I and II to build a number of ATP while stopping the creation of NADPH.
    -This ensures that the correct amounts of ATP and NADPH are maintained.
    -During the process, water is used and oxygen is liberated.
    -Thus, light reactions use light energy to drive electron transport and proton pumping, converting the energy from light into the biologically useful form ATP and producing a viable source of reducing the power NADPH.

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